Yosemite trim enabler
Author: b | 2025-04-25
return1. About; Photography; TRIM Enabler for OSX Yosemite posted on Novem updated Ap in General. tags: osx trim yosemite Re-enable TRIM support on OSX Yosemite. return1. About; Photography; TRIM Enabler for OSX Yosemite posted on Novem updated Ap in General. tags: osx trim yosemite Re-enable TRIM support on OSX Yosemite.
Trim enabler mac yosemite - wwmoli
Sun Jan 25, 2009 5:08 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: Sillie Con Valley Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by mikehalloran » Sun May 03, 2015 10:27 am You can also enable Trim directly via Terminal; Yes, that's easy in Mavericks.I have not found a set of commands that work in Yosemite, even those that also claim to turn off Kext signing. Have you? I know that's what Trim Enabler does and, for $10 ( paid the shareware fee), I'm happy not to be bothered with it. DP 11.34; 828mkII FW, micro lite, M4, MTP/AV USB Firmware 2.0.12023 Mac Studio M2 8TB, 192GB RAM, OS Sequoia 15.3.1, USB4 8TB externals, Neumann MT48, M-Audio AIR 192|14, Mackie ProFxv3, Zoom F3 & UAC 232 32bit float recorder & interface; 2012 MBPs (x2) Catalina, MojaveIK-NI-Izotope-PSP-Garritan-Antares, LogicPro X, Finale 27.4, Dorico 5, Notion 6, Overture 5, TwistedWave, DSP-Q 5, SmartScore64 NE Pro, Toast 20 Pro daniel.sneed Posts: 2260 Joined: Sun Jan 23, 2005 10:01 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: France Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by daniel.sneed » Mon May 04, 2015 2:30 pm You nailed it right, Markus.Didn't remember my Mavericks (spare) drive has Trim Enabler on, while Yosemite (working) drive has Trim Enabler off.Thanx for bringing light on this!BTW, for some reasons already stated hear, I won't set Trim Enabler on in Yosemite, for chances are of total wreck in some particular circumstances.Can't imagine that on The Repair Disc operation.Thanks for the guide Mike. Good stuff. daniel.sneed Posts: 2260 Joined: Sun Jan 23, 2005 10:01 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: France Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by daniel.sneed » Sun May 03, 2015 8:15 am Thanks for your posts, Markus and Mike.In Mavericks, repairing an SSD with OS Disk Utility, will report *Trim unused block*.Isn't that what Trim Enabler does? dAn Shakin' all over! DP11.34, OS12.7.6, MacBookPro-i7 Falcon, Kontakt, Ozone, RX, Unisum, Michelangelo, SparkverbWaldorf Iridium & STVC & Blofeld, Kemper Profiler Stage, EWIusb, MixfaceJBL4326+4312sub, Behringer X32rackMany mandolins, banjos, guitars, flutes, melodions, xylos, kalimbas... HCMarkus Posts: 10329 Joined: Tue Jan 10, 2006 9:01 am Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: Rancho Bohemia, California Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by HCMarkus » Sun May 03, 2015 9:48 am daniel.sneed wrote:Thanks for your posts, Markus and Mike.In Mavericks, repairing an SSD with OS Disk Utility, will report *Trim unused block*.Isn't that what Trim Enabler does?Trim Enabler allows Trim to work with non-Apple OEM SSDs. If you are using Apple OEM drives only, you do not need Trim Enabler.You can also enable Trim directly via Terminal; Trim Enabler merely simplifies the process of turning Trim on and off for non-Apple OEM SSDs.If you see the "Trimming Unused Blocks" message in Disc Utility, it means either:You have an Apple OEM SSD in your computer, orYou have enabled Trim for non-OEM SSDs. mikehalloran Posts: 16049 Joined:Trim enabler - OSx86 10.10 (Yosemite)
Cold boot into Yosemite today, no problem with Trim Enabler at all.~ Cheers #32 Pay for trim....pay for anything...your ssd must be an Apple certified much more priced as ordinary hardware to have trim enabled....otherwise it has no support...... Dear Apple even microsoft makes no difference whatever ssd U happen to have in PC.....Really it's a real shame !!!! Would U cancel even this message !? #33 The problem described on the previous page and on my website is not a "bug" that "happens when trim is enabled", but simply a "block" against third party/modified kexts that Apple added for Developer Preview 1, probably for debugging reasons.Once you use the boot argument to tell Yosemite to not use this block, Trim is enabled just fine. If something happens several days later, it's likely to be completely unrelated (Yosemite is EXTREMELY buggy). Cold boot into Yosemite today, no problem with Trim Enabler at all.~ Cheers It probably was something else then.Tnx for replying, guys. #34 A bit soon i know, but any news on if the Trim support issue is resolved in the DP2 just out? #35 Pay for trim....pay for anything...your ssd must be an Apple certified much more priced as ordinary hardware to have trim enabled....otherwise it has no support...... Dear Apple even microsoft makes no difference whatever ssd U happen to have in PC.....Really it's a real shame !!!! Would U cancel even this message !? You have to have an Apple-branded SSD for the integrated TRIM support to work. If you're using a third-party SSD (i.e, replacing a HDD or older SSD in a machine), then trim Enabler is the only way to get TRIM working. As for the rest of your post, it doesn't even make sense when ran though Bing or Google Translate... #36 A. return1. About; Photography; TRIM Enabler for OSX Yosemite posted on Novem updated Ap in General. tags: osx trim yosemite Re-enable TRIM support on OSX Yosemite. return1. About; Photography; TRIM Enabler for OSX Yosemite posted on Novem updated Ap in General. tags: osx trim yosemite Re-enable TRIM support on OSX Yosemite.TRIM Enabler for OSX Yosemite - return1.at
DAW OS: MacOS Location: France Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by daniel.sneed » Wed May 06, 2015 4:59 am By this computer ages, Motunation is such a great place to be! dAn Shakin' all over! DP11.34, OS12.7.6, MacBookPro-i7 Falcon, Kontakt, Ozone, RX, Unisum, Michelangelo, SparkverbWaldorf Iridium & STVC & Blofeld, Kemper Profiler Stage, EWIusb, MixfaceJBL4326+4312sub, Behringer X32rackMany mandolins, banjos, guitars, flutes, melodions, xylos, kalimbas... mikehalloran Posts: 16049 Joined: Sun Jan 25, 2009 5:08 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: Sillie Con Valley Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by mikehalloran » Thu May 07, 2015 8:52 pm I tested Trim Enabler in an eDrive partition created by TechTool Pro 8.0.1 and it works fine to TRIM another drive or partition when you run Apple Disk Utility. No problems.Disk Warrior 4.4 works but is very slow when Trim Enabler is active on the drive where it is running. We're talking DW 3 in OS 10.5 slow. I don't get this one at all. As DW hasn't been useful since OS 10.4, I will not upgrade to DW 5, even if it is 64bit. I can get dinner with my wife for the same $60. If your directory becomes corrupted so that it affects performance, try to fix it in Disk Utility, get the data off of it and replace the drive. Really. DP 11.34; 828mkII FW, micro lite, M4, MTP/AV USB Firmware 2.0.12023 Mac Studio M2 8TB, Trim for free !?How about Yellownstone supervolcano and fukushima radiation in USA !? Last edited: Jun 18, 2014 #40 I mean = TRIM FOR FREE not TRIM ONLY FOR APPLE'S SSD Nothing else nothing more so simple so fast !? Is It the end of Apple to have trim for free !?How about Yellownstone supervolcano and fukushima radiation in USA !? What in the hell does Yellowstone and Fukushima have to do with TRIM support? I swear this site is getting crazier by the day. Apple has never supported TRIM natively for non-Apple SSDs, so there's no change there at all. #41 Resolved! After updating to Yosemite DP2 to my separate SSD RAID0 on the Velocity DUO X2, I again executed the Cindori fix for Trim Enabler. Not sure if this is TE related or that the DP2 got a negative hold on my RAID0 (external in Disk Utlities) on the DUO X2? RESOLVED: Yosemite DP1 + DP2 is not in favor of my PCIe sata-3 SSD card! Installed on SSD in bay#1!~ Cheers #42 I enabled TRIM and after a day it rendered my boot drive useless ... thank gosh for Time Machine!That said, I'd expect Chameleon SSD to update theirs in the near future. #43 A bit soon i know, but any news on if the Trim support issue is resolved in the DP2 just out? Yeah it works fine usimg cindori's instructions #44 Stopped workingmy mac no longer boots up (gets the no-go sign) while booting up. followed the instructions to enable trim on yosemite. What should I do now? #45 Why is using Trim Enabler necessary? In Mavericks you could modify the correct KEXT from the command line after every OS update. Has anyone proven that removing the "APPLE SSD" string from IOAHCIBlockStorage no longer worksTrim enabler yosemite 10.10.4 - kowernvino
Hackintosh Trim Enabler MojaveHackintosh Trim Enabler ToolHackintosh Trim Enabler DefinitionHackintosh Trim Enabler WindowsFree os x 10.7 trim enabler download. System Tools downloads - TRIM Enabler by Oskar Groth and many more programs are available for instant and free download.Cindori used to make Trim Enabler as a free piece of software but as the mac OS has developed the needs for Trim software have changed. Trim Enabler is now $9.99 from Cindori. Why Is TRIM So Important? When the OS, (Mac, Windows or Linux) uses TRIM with a solid-state drive, it sends a signal to the SSD every time you delete a file.If you want to enable trim support on OSX it is now possible to do this if OSX is running El Capitan. To do this follow these steps: Step 1. Open A Terminal Prompt Once you’ve opened a Terminal Prompt type in the following command: sudo trimforce enable Step 2. Reboot your Mac Step 2.TRIM Enabler for OS X Yosemite 10.10.3. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. Trim Enabler lets you enable trim, monitor your disk health, optimize your performance, and benchmark your drive. Enable Trim - Flip the switch to enable trim safely and improve your data writing speeds and overall drive longevity. Monitor Health - The advanced health feature uses S.M.A.R.T technology to report drive status and remaining health.If you want to enable trim support on OSX it is now possible to do this if OSX is running El Capitan.To do this follow these steps:Step 1. Open A Terminal PromptOnce you’ve opened a Terminal Prompt type in the following command: Best cv templates free.Hackintosh Trim Enabler ToolStep 2. Reboot your MacHackintosh Trim Enabler DefinitionHackintosh Trim Enabler WindowsStep 2. Verify TRIM is enabledClick on the Apple Icon on the top menu bar and then click on “About this Mac”Click on System Report and check if TRIM support is enabled under SATAPlease note that this may not be officially supported by Apple and it is recommended that you back up your Mac before making any changesPlease Note: This is a “QUICK SUPPORT” article. The information contained herein is provided as is. As a result of the speed in making it available, the materials may include typographical errors and may be revised at any time without notice.Trim Enabler Mac Yosemite - vametna
2006 9:01 am Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: Rancho Bohemia, California Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by HCMarkus » Tue May 05, 2015 7:43 am If Trim is enabled (i.e. unblocked for non-Apple OEM SSDS) under any version of Mac OS it is a continuous, automatic process. Apple OEM SSDs do not require Trim to be enabled, as Mac OS does not block Trim for Apple OEM drives. Although Trim is clearly not required to use SSDs, those who question its usefulness might well ask why Apple enables it for all of their OEM SSDs...If you have been using a non-OEM SSD for a while without Trim enabled, it is a good idea to run a Repair Disc operation in Disc Utility, which will Trim all data that was erased before Trim was enabled. If the drive you want to Trim is your boot drive, you must boot from a separate drive, and Trim must be enabled in the OS on that separate drive before you run the Repair Disc operation. This is the approach used by some who prefer to avoid the issues related to Kext Signing under Yosemite that Mike so kindly guides us through in his first post.Review of Cindori's website (as Mike linked to in the first post) suggests Cindori is working on an update to Trim Enabler that will simplify the periodic approach to using Trim. daniel.sneed Posts: 2260 Joined: Sun Jan 23, 2005 10:01 pm Primary. return1. About; Photography; TRIM Enabler for OSX Yosemite posted on Novem updated Ap in General. tags: osx trim yosemite Re-enable TRIM support on OSX Yosemite.Trim enabler mac yosemite - sopaus
Bit soon i know, but any news on if the Trim support issue is resolved in the DP2 just out? There is no such thing as a "Trim support issue". Please see post #30.Trim Enabler works fine in DP2. Still needs the boot argument. #37 There is no such thing as a "Trim support issue". Please see post #30.Trim Enabler works fine in DP2. Still needs the boot argument. Thanks. I had reverted back to Mavericks since the DP1 version of 10.10 came out and last night I installed 10.10 then updated to DP2 and then enabled TRIM, following the instructions here: flawlessly. Thanks for your help. #38 Trim Enabler Fix or?After updating to Yosemite DP2 to my separate SSD RAID0 on the Velocity DUO X2, I again executed the Cindori fix for Trim Enabler. Not sure if this is TE related or that the DP2 got a negative hold on my RAID0 (external in Disk Utlities) on the DUO X2?I could of course reinstall DP1 and update to DP2 again, but I would like to share this mishap with you and perhaps fix it. Sorry for the bad iPhone photo screen shot Anyone else having TE troubles?~ Cheers View media item" href=" target="_blank"> IMG_2996.JPG 1.9 MB · Views: 421 #39 You have to have an Apple-branded SSD for the integrated TRIM support to work. If you're using a third-party SSD (i.e, replacing a HDD or older SSD in a machine), then trim Enabler is the only way to get TRIM working. As for the rest of your post, it doesn't even make sense when ran though Bing or Google Translate... I mean = TRIM FOR FREE not TRIM ONLY FOR APPLE'S SSD Nothing else nothing more so simple so fast !? Is It the end of Apple to haveComments
Sun Jan 25, 2009 5:08 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: Sillie Con Valley Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by mikehalloran » Sun May 03, 2015 10:27 am You can also enable Trim directly via Terminal; Yes, that's easy in Mavericks.I have not found a set of commands that work in Yosemite, even those that also claim to turn off Kext signing. Have you? I know that's what Trim Enabler does and, for $10 ( paid the shareware fee), I'm happy not to be bothered with it. DP 11.34; 828mkII FW, micro lite, M4, MTP/AV USB Firmware 2.0.12023 Mac Studio M2 8TB, 192GB RAM, OS Sequoia 15.3.1, USB4 8TB externals, Neumann MT48, M-Audio AIR 192|14, Mackie ProFxv3, Zoom F3 & UAC 232 32bit float recorder & interface; 2012 MBPs (x2) Catalina, MojaveIK-NI-Izotope-PSP-Garritan-Antares, LogicPro X, Finale 27.4, Dorico 5, Notion 6, Overture 5, TwistedWave, DSP-Q 5, SmartScore64 NE Pro, Toast 20 Pro daniel.sneed Posts: 2260 Joined: Sun Jan 23, 2005 10:01 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: France Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by daniel.sneed » Mon May 04, 2015 2:30 pm You nailed it right, Markus.Didn't remember my Mavericks (spare) drive has Trim Enabler on, while Yosemite (working) drive has Trim Enabler off.Thanx for bringing light on this!BTW, for some reasons already stated hear, I won't set Trim Enabler on in Yosemite, for chances are of total wreck in some particular circumstances.Can't imagine that on
2025-04-24The Repair Disc operation.Thanks for the guide Mike. Good stuff. daniel.sneed Posts: 2260 Joined: Sun Jan 23, 2005 10:01 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: France Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by daniel.sneed » Sun May 03, 2015 8:15 am Thanks for your posts, Markus and Mike.In Mavericks, repairing an SSD with OS Disk Utility, will report *Trim unused block*.Isn't that what Trim Enabler does? dAn Shakin' all over! DP11.34, OS12.7.6, MacBookPro-i7 Falcon, Kontakt, Ozone, RX, Unisum, Michelangelo, SparkverbWaldorf Iridium & STVC & Blofeld, Kemper Profiler Stage, EWIusb, MixfaceJBL4326+4312sub, Behringer X32rackMany mandolins, banjos, guitars, flutes, melodions, xylos, kalimbas... HCMarkus Posts: 10329 Joined: Tue Jan 10, 2006 9:01 am Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: Rancho Bohemia, California Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by HCMarkus » Sun May 03, 2015 9:48 am daniel.sneed wrote:Thanks for your posts, Markus and Mike.In Mavericks, repairing an SSD with OS Disk Utility, will report *Trim unused block*.Isn't that what Trim Enabler does?Trim Enabler allows Trim to work with non-Apple OEM SSDs. If you are using Apple OEM drives only, you do not need Trim Enabler.You can also enable Trim directly via Terminal; Trim Enabler merely simplifies the process of turning Trim on and off for non-Apple OEM SSDs.If you see the "Trimming Unused Blocks" message in Disc Utility, it means either:You have an Apple OEM SSD in your computer, orYou have enabled Trim for non-OEM SSDs. mikehalloran Posts: 16049 Joined:
2025-04-25Cold boot into Yosemite today, no problem with Trim Enabler at all.~ Cheers #32 Pay for trim....pay for anything...your ssd must be an Apple certified much more priced as ordinary hardware to have trim enabled....otherwise it has no support...... Dear Apple even microsoft makes no difference whatever ssd U happen to have in PC.....Really it's a real shame !!!! Would U cancel even this message !? #33 The problem described on the previous page and on my website is not a "bug" that "happens when trim is enabled", but simply a "block" against third party/modified kexts that Apple added for Developer Preview 1, probably for debugging reasons.Once you use the boot argument to tell Yosemite to not use this block, Trim is enabled just fine. If something happens several days later, it's likely to be completely unrelated (Yosemite is EXTREMELY buggy). Cold boot into Yosemite today, no problem with Trim Enabler at all.~ Cheers It probably was something else then.Tnx for replying, guys. #34 A bit soon i know, but any news on if the Trim support issue is resolved in the DP2 just out? #35 Pay for trim....pay for anything...your ssd must be an Apple certified much more priced as ordinary hardware to have trim enabled....otherwise it has no support...... Dear Apple even microsoft makes no difference whatever ssd U happen to have in PC.....Really it's a real shame !!!! Would U cancel even this message !? You have to have an Apple-branded SSD for the integrated TRIM support to work. If you're using a third-party SSD (i.e, replacing a HDD or older SSD in a machine), then trim Enabler is the only way to get TRIM working. As for the rest of your post, it doesn't even make sense when ran though Bing or Google Translate... #36 A
2025-04-05DAW OS: MacOS Location: France Contact: Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by daniel.sneed » Wed May 06, 2015 4:59 am By this computer ages, Motunation is such a great place to be! dAn Shakin' all over! DP11.34, OS12.7.6, MacBookPro-i7 Falcon, Kontakt, Ozone, RX, Unisum, Michelangelo, SparkverbWaldorf Iridium & STVC & Blofeld, Kemper Profiler Stage, EWIusb, MixfaceJBL4326+4312sub, Behringer X32rackMany mandolins, banjos, guitars, flutes, melodions, xylos, kalimbas... mikehalloran Posts: 16049 Joined: Sun Jan 25, 2009 5:08 pm Primary DAW OS: MacOS Location: Sillie Con Valley Re: Yosemite, Trim Enabler, NV RAM reset & Safe Boot etc. Post by mikehalloran » Thu May 07, 2015 8:52 pm I tested Trim Enabler in an eDrive partition created by TechTool Pro 8.0.1 and it works fine to TRIM another drive or partition when you run Apple Disk Utility. No problems.Disk Warrior 4.4 works but is very slow when Trim Enabler is active on the drive where it is running. We're talking DW 3 in OS 10.5 slow. I don't get this one at all. As DW hasn't been useful since OS 10.4, I will not upgrade to DW 5, even if it is 64bit. I can get dinner with my wife for the same $60. If your directory becomes corrupted so that it affects performance, try to fix it in Disk Utility, get the data off of it and replace the drive. Really. DP 11.34; 828mkII FW, micro lite, M4, MTP/AV USB Firmware 2.0.12023 Mac Studio M2 8TB,
2025-04-08Trim for free !?How about Yellownstone supervolcano and fukushima radiation in USA !? Last edited: Jun 18, 2014 #40 I mean = TRIM FOR FREE not TRIM ONLY FOR APPLE'S SSD Nothing else nothing more so simple so fast !? Is It the end of Apple to have trim for free !?How about Yellownstone supervolcano and fukushima radiation in USA !? What in the hell does Yellowstone and Fukushima have to do with TRIM support? I swear this site is getting crazier by the day. Apple has never supported TRIM natively for non-Apple SSDs, so there's no change there at all. #41 Resolved! After updating to Yosemite DP2 to my separate SSD RAID0 on the Velocity DUO X2, I again executed the Cindori fix for Trim Enabler. Not sure if this is TE related or that the DP2 got a negative hold on my RAID0 (external in Disk Utlities) on the DUO X2? RESOLVED: Yosemite DP1 + DP2 is not in favor of my PCIe sata-3 SSD card! Installed on SSD in bay#1!~ Cheers #42 I enabled TRIM and after a day it rendered my boot drive useless ... thank gosh for Time Machine!That said, I'd expect Chameleon SSD to update theirs in the near future. #43 A bit soon i know, but any news on if the Trim support issue is resolved in the DP2 just out? Yeah it works fine usimg cindori's instructions #44 Stopped workingmy mac no longer boots up (gets the no-go sign) while booting up. followed the instructions to enable trim on yosemite. What should I do now? #45 Why is using Trim Enabler necessary? In Mavericks you could modify the correct KEXT from the command line after every OS update. Has anyone proven that removing the "APPLE SSD" string from IOAHCIBlockStorage no longer works
2025-04-19Hackintosh Trim Enabler MojaveHackintosh Trim Enabler ToolHackintosh Trim Enabler DefinitionHackintosh Trim Enabler WindowsFree os x 10.7 trim enabler download. System Tools downloads - TRIM Enabler by Oskar Groth and many more programs are available for instant and free download.Cindori used to make Trim Enabler as a free piece of software but as the mac OS has developed the needs for Trim software have changed. Trim Enabler is now $9.99 from Cindori. Why Is TRIM So Important? When the OS, (Mac, Windows or Linux) uses TRIM with a solid-state drive, it sends a signal to the SSD every time you delete a file.If you want to enable trim support on OSX it is now possible to do this if OSX is running El Capitan. To do this follow these steps: Step 1. Open A Terminal Prompt Once you’ve opened a Terminal Prompt type in the following command: sudo trimforce enable Step 2. Reboot your Mac Step 2.TRIM Enabler for OS X Yosemite 10.10.3. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. Trim Enabler lets you enable trim, monitor your disk health, optimize your performance, and benchmark your drive. Enable Trim - Flip the switch to enable trim safely and improve your data writing speeds and overall drive longevity. Monitor Health - The advanced health feature uses S.M.A.R.T technology to report drive status and remaining health.If you want to enable trim support on OSX it is now possible to do this if OSX is running El Capitan.To do this follow these steps:Step 1. Open A Terminal PromptOnce you’ve opened a Terminal Prompt type in the following command: Best cv templates free.Hackintosh Trim Enabler ToolStep 2. Reboot your MacHackintosh Trim Enabler DefinitionHackintosh Trim Enabler WindowsStep 2. Verify TRIM is enabledClick on the Apple Icon on the top menu bar and then click on “About this Mac”Click on System Report and check if TRIM support is enabled under SATAPlease note that this may not be officially supported by Apple and it is recommended that you back up your Mac before making any changesPlease Note: This is a “QUICK SUPPORT” article. The information contained herein is provided as is. As a result of the speed in making it available, the materials may include typographical errors and may be revised at any time without notice.
2025-04-23