World light pollution map

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Astrophotography filters are essential tools for enhancing your images, whether you’re battling light pollution, capturing distant galaxies, or revealing intricate details of nebulae. Each type of filter is designed to bring out specific features, reduce unwanted wavelengths, or block light pollution, allowing you to get the most out of your setup. This guide will take you through the main types of filters for astronomy cameras, including their uses, advantages, disadvantages, and best applications.Light Pollution FiltersLight pollution filters help reduce the effects of artificial lights in urban areas. These filters work by blocking specific wavelengths from streetlights, particularly in the yellow, orange, and red parts of the spectrum, letting the desired starlight pass through. They are useful for both One-Shot Colour (OSC) cameras and monochrome setups.Types of Light Pollution FiltersBroadband Filters: Target a wide range of wavelengths and are generally designed to block light from sodium and mercury vapour lamps, commonly used in streetlights. They allow more starlight to pass, ideal for a broader view of the night sky.Narrowband Light Pollution Filters: Focus on blocking a narrower range of light wavelengths. They’re more selective in blocking specific sources of light pollution, such as low-pressure sodium lamps.Pros and Cons of Light Pollution FiltersPros: Improve contrast by reducing artificial light interference.Enable clearer images in urban and suburban settings.Cons:Can lead to a loss of true colour balance, making some targets look unnatural.Less effective against newer LED lights, which have a broad and balanced spectrum.Popular Light Pollution FiltersOptolong L-Pro: A broadband filter ideal for reducing urban light pollution, particularly for OSC cameras.IDAS LPS-D1: Known for providing high-quality colour balance with minimal impact on natural light sources.Astronomik CLS Filter: A popular choice for balancing urban light pollution without distorting colours excessively.Broadband and Multiband FiltersBroadband and multiband filters are a more advanced solution, capturing several narrowband wavelengths

For Successful Stargazing: Finding Dark Skies and Ideal ConditionsEvery astronomer should look for the very best sites near them where the conditions are best for stargazing and observing astronomical objects. This is something that is getting more difficult as light pollution spreads and becomes a bigger problem. Please check out this page I’ve written to learn more about the effects of light pollution on astronomy and astrophotography.The International Dark-Sky Association4 works to preserve dark skies and reduce light pollution.If you want to know where the best skies close to you are located, then you can check one of the many useful apps available, such as the Light Pollution Map available on mobile. This is one I use all the time when I’m out looking for better conditions.The best places for astronomy are away from big cities. Go to parks, forests, and deserts beside the ocean to find spots that are not saturated with lights. Consult the Bortle scale and if you can find anything 5 or less, you’ll do much better when you try to observe distant objects or photograph those faint deep sky objects I talk about on this website.Capturing the Cosmos: Astrophotography for BeginnersAstrophotography is a technique used by amateur astronomers to capture images of celestial objects using cameras and telescopes.I’m not going to go deep into this topic on this page because this website covers everything you need to learn about astrophotography. Also, send me an email with any questions you have about astrophotography, and I��ll be very happy to help you.Joining the Amateur Astronomy Community: Clubs, Events, and ResourcesAstronomy clubs and societies exist worldwide, providing opportunities for amateur astronomers to connect and share their passion.Amateur astronomers often participate in star parties, where they gather to observe and share their knowledge and equipment.Besides the community and social aspects of meeting like-minded astronomers like yourself, there is so much to learn in astronomy, both in theory and practise.I joined the British Astronomical Association to link up with others more experienced than myself and to broaden my knowledge of astronomy. I suggest you join your local astronomy club or association, as it is money well spent.Personally speaking, I love the opportunity to talk to others about my passion astrophotography and explain the details of how I take those amazing photos. I have also felt that this is a hobby that I want to share with others, especially as so

Area—is crucial, especially in residential or urban areas where light pollution can be a concern. Properly designed lighting systems focus light precisely where it’s needed, reducing the impact on surrounding areas.Color Temperature and CRI (Color Rendering Index): The color temperature of the lights affects how the light appears to the human eye. A higher color temperature (cooler light) is typically used in sports lighting as it mimics daylight, improving visibility. The Color Rendering Index (CRI) measures how accurately colors are rendered under the light source; a higher CRI is preferred for sports lighting to ensure that the playing surface and equipment are seen in true colors.Pole Height and Placement: The height and placement of lighting poles are critical for achieving optimal light distribution. Taller poles are generally required for larger fields to ensure that the light reaches all areas evenly. For smaller courts, lower poles with more focused beams may be appropriate. Proper pole placement ensures that the entire area is illuminated without creating shadows or glare, contributing to a safer and more enjoyable experience for players and spectators.Sports-Specific Lighting Standards: Sports-specific lighting standards, including those set by the IES or the NCAA, ensure optimal visibility and safety. These standards specify lumen levels, uniformity ratios, CRI, and fixture placement, all tailored to meet the unique requirements of each sport and competition level.Read more: Roundtable Expert Interview: Insights on the Planning & Design of LED Sports Lighting Importance of a Photometric StudyA photometric study is a crucial part of LED sports lighting design. This study uses computer simulations to model how light will be distributed across the playing area. By creating a detailed map of light levels, a photometric study allows planners to visualize potential issues such as shadows, dark spots, or areas of excessive brightness. Conducting this study before installation enables adjustments to be made in the design phase, reducing the risk of costly changes later.Photometric studies also ensure that the lighting design meets all relevant standards and regulations. Whether it’s achieving the required foot-candle levels for a particular sport or complying with local ordinances on light pollution, a photometric

Dark Sky LightingSolutions designed to eliminate light pollution and help preserve our night skyAt DW Windsor, we’re committed to supporting responsible outdoor lighting practices by delivering the right light, in the right place, at the right time. Our mission is to provide specifiers with the tools and guidance needed to eliminate light pollution and help protect biodiversity. To support this, we offer a range of DarkSky® Approved luminaires designed to enhance the beauty of outdoor spaces while helping to protect the night-time environment. Download brochure Enquire now DarkSky® Approved Luminaires In addition to our products, we can supply a wide range of DarkSky Approved luminaires in the UK through our partnership with Ligman. Click below to view its full range of approved products. Visit Ligman website About DarkSky®DarkSky is a globally recognised authority on reducing light pollution, offering third-party certification through its DarkSky Approved program for lighting products that don't pollute the night sky Key criteria for DarkSky® approval Upward LightLuminaires must have an upward light output ratio (ULOR) of less than 0.5% or 50 lumens. Colour TemperatureLuminaires must have a maximum correlated colour temperature (CCT) of 3000K. DimmingLuminaires must have the ability to dim down to 10% of their maximum light output. What is light pollution? Light pollution is excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive artificial light that brightens the night sky. It disrupts ecosystems, harms human health, and obscures astronomical observations.Light pollution is caused by the overuse or improper design of outdoor lighting products, such as streetlights, billboards, and architectural lighting. The emitted light scatters in the atmosphere interfering with our ability to see stars as well as disturbing the natural behaviours of wildlife and impacting circadian rhythms in humans. How light pollution can impact our ability to see stars and other objects in the night sky. © NOIRLab SkyglowThe

Expensive. They cost more to build than roads, and their yearly maintenance is higher. Tunnels can't cross each other, even at different altitudes. When roads carry up to 44 cars per minute, it is considered to be "no traffic." From 44 to 88 cars per minute is light traffic, and above that is heavy traffic. Watch the newspapers for traffic-related stories and check the traffic map in the Map window to find trouble spots. In addition to causing traffic, roads or the cars on them are a major source of pollution in your city. Once your roads are overloaded, you have a number of options, depending on the year in your city. In 1900 your only transportation options are roads, tunnels, rails and rail depots. Other options become available as new technologies develop. Watch the newspapers for inventions that give you access to new forms of transportation. These are the years, +/-1 0 years, when different forms of transportation become available: 1910 Subways and subway stations 1920 Buses and bus depots 1930 Highways and onramps Buses allow roads to carry more people than roads alone without generating problem traffic. To start a bus line, you need at least one bus depot. Buses leave the depot and let passengers on and off all along the way. There are no animated buses, so the visible effect of a bus depot is a lowering of traffic near the depot. Bus depots must be adjacent to roads. If they are adjacent to onramps or highways but, not a road, they won't be effective. Buses are a more efficient use of gasoline than cars, so they produce much less pollution per passenger. Pollution levels are slightly but noticeably lower around effective bus depots.Page 106 SimCity 2000 - Reference Highways are basically two roads, one in each direction, so they are capable of carrying twice as many cars as a road. In addition, because they can travel at a higher speed on a highway, Sims will commute farther on a highway than on a road-up to three times as far. You must provide onramps everywhere you want to let Sims enter or exit the highway. Sims can't travel back and forth between zones and onramps without roads. A highway system is an extension of a road system, not a replacement. Rails are the paths your trains follow. Sims can only get on or off trains at rail depots. Depots must be adjacent to rails, and you need at least two for a working rail line. Rails can carry many more commuters than roads, plus they are a big boost to heavy industry, allowing shipping of goods and raw materials around the city. Since trains go faster than cars on city streets, Sims will commute farther by train than by car. Compared with cars, trains produce almost no pollution. Subways are underground rail systems, but are primarily for passengers, and less for the shipping of goods and raw materials. They can be connected directly to rail lines