Webkit transform

Author: m | 2025-04-24

@-webkit-keyframes slideInViewport { from{ -webkit-transform: scale(1); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } to{ -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform:

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The CSS -webkit-transform property enables web authors to transform an element in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) space. For example, you can rotate elements, scale them, skew them, and more. Demo The -webkit-transform property accepts a list of "transform functions" as values. These transform functions have names such as scale(), rotate(), skew(), etc, which accept parameters to determine the level of transformation (for example, the angle to rotate an element).The CSS -webkit-transform property is a proprietary CSS extension that is supported by the WebKit browser engine. WebKit extensions contain the -webkit- prefix, which indicates that it belongs to the WebKit open source framework.Although the -webkit-transform property is not part of the official W3C CSS specification, it is designed to work on browsers that are powered by the WebKit browser engine, such as Apple Safari and Google Chrome. SyntaxThe syntax for the -webkit-transform property is: Where represents one of the transform functions listed below under Accepted Values.Example CodeHere's an example of usage (note that this example also includes other proprietary extensions): Accepted ValuesHere are the accepted values for the -webkit-transform property: none Specifies that no transforms should be applied to the element. This is the default value. transform function One or more of the transform functions below.Transform FunctionsHere is a list of transform functions that you can use with the -webkit-transform property. Transform Function Description matrix() Specifies a 2D transformation in the form of a transformation matrix of six values. Syntax: -webkit-transform: matrix(m11, m12, m21, m22, tX, tY) The parameters m11, m12, m21, m22 represent the elements of a 2x2 matrix in column-major order: 1,12,1 1,22,2 The parameters tX, tY represent the x and y translation elements. Example: -webkit-transform: matrix(1, 0, 0.6, 1, 250, 0); The matrix() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. matrix3d() Specifies a 3D transformation as a 4 x 4 matrix. Syntax: -webkit-transform: matrix3d(m00, m01, m02, m03, m10, m11, m12, m13, m20, m21, m22, m23, m30, m31, m31, m33) The parameters represent a 4x4 homogeneous matrix of 16 values in column-major order: 0,01,02,03,0 0,11,12,13,1 0,21,22,23,2 0,31,32,33,3 The matrix3d() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. perspective() Specifies a perspective projection matrix. Syntax: -webkit-transform: perspective(depth) Where depth equals the distance, in pixels, of Transform 의 변환 원점 기준점은 기본적으로 가운데입니다. 그러나 transform-origin 을 이용하면 x, y 축의 원점을 변경할 수 있습니다.예를 들어 rotate() 를 이용하면 회전을 하는데, 여기서 회전 중심은 가운데입니다. 이 회전 중심을 바꿀 수 있습니다. 초기 값은 50%, 50% 로 요소의 가운데입니다. 형식은 다음과 같습니다.transform-origin: x, y 속 성 설 명 transform-origin(x, y) 원점의 기준이 되는 좌표x: left | center | right | 비율 | 수치 중 하나y: top | center | bottom | 비율 | 수치 중 하나Ex.1) transform-origin: top left;Ex.2) transform-origin: 100px 50px;Ex.3) transform-origin: 60% 75%; transform-origin 을 이용하려면 transform 과 함께 사용해야 합니다.그림과 같이 left 와 top 은 각 0%, center 는 50%, right 와 bottom 은 각 100% 입니다. 키워드 백분율 left top 0 0 top right 100% 0 center center 50% 50% left bottom 0 100% bottom right 100% 100% 키워드 백분율 left center 0 50% to center 50% 0 bottom center 50% 100% right center 100% 50% center center기본 값입니다. #box01{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: #99cc99; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform-origin:50% 50%; transform-origin:50% 50%;} 하보니 PHP하보니 PHPright top회전 중심을 상단 오른쪽으로 변경합니다.#box01{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: #99cc99; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform-origin:100% 0; transform-origin:100% 0;} 하보니 PHP하보니 PHPleft top여기서 회전 중심은 왼쪽 상단입니다.#box02{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: #99cc99; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform-origin:0 0; transform-origin:0 0;} 하보니 PHP하보니 PHPright bottom회전 중심을 하단 오른쪽으로 변경합니다.#box03{ width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: #99cc99; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform-origin:100% 100%; transform-origin:100% 100%;} 하보니 PHP하보니 PHP

css - Prevent flicker on webkit-transition of webkit-transform

2D transformstranslate()rotate()scale()skewX()skewY()skew()matrix()3D transformsThe rotate functionTransform PropertiesFAQsWhat are 2D and 3D transforms? What types of transformations can be applied in 2D space?What types of transformations can be applied in 3D space? How are 2D and 3D transforms implemented in computer graphics? What are some practical applications of 2D and 3D transforms?As we know, in CSS, we can do every type of decoration or design to an element. Sometimes we have to decorate an element by its shape, size, and position. There we can use the transformation property. In 2D transformation, an element can be arranged along with its X-axis and Y-axis. There are six main types of transformation.translate()rotate()scale()skewX()skew()matrix()translate()When we need to move an element along with its X-axis and Y-axis from its actual position then we use translate().Ex-2D Transform.trans {font-size: 35px;margin: 10px 0;margin-left: 80px;}img {border: 1px solid black;transition-duration: 2s;-webkit-transition-duration: 2s;}img:hover {transform: translate(100px, 100px);/* prefix for IE 9 */-ms-transform: translate(100px, 100px);/* prefix for Safari and Chrome */-webkit-transform: translate(100px, 100px);}Translate() Method“ />rotate()This is used to rotate an element clockwise or anti-clockwise along with the degree value as per our requirements.Ex-2D Transformimg {border: 1px solid black;}img:hover {/* IE 9 */-ms-transform: rotate(20deg);/* Safari */-webkit-transform: rotate(20deg);/* Standard syntax */transform: rotate(20deg);}.transs {font-size: 25px;text-align: center;margin-top: 100px;}Rotation() Method“ />scale()When we need to increase or decrease the size of an element, then we use this property. Because sometimes, the real image size can’t fit as per the height and width. So we have to change the size as per height and width.Ex-2D Transformimg {border: 1px solid black;}img:hover {/* IE 9 */-ms-transform: scale(1, 2);/* Safari */-webkit-transform: scale(1, 1);/* Standard syntax */transform: scale(1, 2);}.transss {font-size: 25px;text-align: center;margin-top: 100px;}Scale() Method“ />skewX()This method is used to skew an element. It happens on X-axis.Ex-2D Transformimg {border: 1px solid black;}img:hover {/* IE 9 */-ms-transform: skewX(20deg);/* Safari */-webkit-transform: skewX(20deg);/* Standard syntax */transform: skewX(20deg);}.tranns {font-size: 25px;text-align: center;margin-top: 100px;}skewX() Method“ />skewY()This method is used to skew an element. It happens on Y-axis.Ex-2D Transformimg {border: 1px solid black;}img:hover {/* IE 9 */-ms-transform: skewY(20deg);/* Safari */-webkit-transform: skewY(20deg);/* Standard syntax */transform: skewY(20deg);}.ttrans {font-size: 25px;text-align: center;margin-top: 100px;}skewY() Methodskew()This method skews an element in both X-axis and the Y-axis. The degree value can be the same or different as per our requirements.Ex-2D Transformimg {border: 1px solid black;}img:hover {/* IE 9 */-ms-transform: skew(20deg, 10deg);/* Safari */-webkit-transform: skew(20deg, 10deg);/* Standard syntax */transform: skew(20deg, 10deg);}.transform {font-size: 25px;text-align: center;margin-top: 100px;}skew() Method“ />matrix()It is used when we need to use all the methods of 2D transformation properties in a single page. We can take all six properties here like matrix(scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY() ).Let’s take en example –Ex-2D Transformimg {border: 1px solid black;}img:hover {/* IE 9 */-ms-transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0, 1, 0, 0);/* Safari */-webkit-transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0, 1, 0, 0);/* Standard syntax */transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0,. @-webkit-keyframes slideInViewport { from{ -webkit-transform: scale(1); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } to{ -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: Take this example: @-webkit-keyframes slideInViewport { from{ -webkit-transform: scale(1); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } to{ -webkit-transform: sca

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What's Autoprefixer? Some CSS rules need weird "vendor prefixes" to work in certain browsers. Autoprefixer adds these prefixes to CSS rules automatically. Dynamic Detection Autoprefixer uses the Can I Use database to determine when a rule needs a prefix, based on the browsers you tell it to support. This means you get prefixes only when you need them, so when you write: :fullscreen a { transition: transform 1s; } Autoprefixer transforms that rule into cross-browser CSS::-webkit-full-screen a { -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 1s; transition: transform 1s }:-moz-full-screen a { transition: transform 1s }:-ms-fullscreen a { transition: transform 1s }:fullscreen a { -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 1s; transition: transform 1s } Enabling Autoprefixer First, make sure you've read Setting Language Options. Autoprefixer is available for Sass, Less, Stylus, and regular CSS files. Select one of those files and check the Run Autoprefixer box in the inspector pane. You can also turn on Autoprefixer for all files at once. Open Project Settings, choose one of the languages above, then check the Run Autoprefixer box. Autoprefixer Options Open Project Settings, then choose the Autoprefixer category: Browser String This tells Autoprefixer the browsers for which it should write prefixes. You can customize this setting in the Target Browsers category. (It's shared by several tools in CodeKit.) Internet Explorer Grid Support Grid statements require Microsoft-specific prefixes to work in certain versions of Internet Explorer. If you need to support those browsers, enable this option. The z=0 plane from the viewer. This function allows you to change the perspective of an element by changing the distance of the element to the viewer. Therefore, a smaller value would increase the "perspective" effect (due to the object appearing closer), while a larger value will reduce the effect (due to the element appearing further away). The perspective() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. rotate() Specifies a 2D rotation clockwise around the element's origin. Syntax: -webkit-transform: rotate(angle) Where angle is an angle represented by deg, rad or grad units. For example, rotate(40deg) The operation corresponds to the matrix [cos(angle) sin(angle) -sin(angle) cos(angle) 0 0]. The rotate() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. rotate3d() Specifies a 3D rotation. Syntax: -webkit-transform: rotate3d(x, y, z, angle) Where x, y, z represents the [x,y,z] direction vector for the rotation. angle is an angle represented by deg, rad or grad units. The rotate3d() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. rotateX() Rotates the element clockwise around the x-axis. Syntax: -webkit-transform: rotateX(angle) Where angle is an angle represented by deg, rad or grad units. For example, rotateX(40deg) The rotateX() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. rotateY() Rotates the element clockwise around the y-axis. Syntax: -webkit-transform: rotateY(angle) Where angle is an angle represented by deg, rad or grad units. For example, rotateY(40deg) The rotateY() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. rotateZ() Rotates the element clockwise around the x-axis. Syntax: -webkit-transform: rotateZ(angle) Where angle is an angle represented by deg, rad or grad units. For example, rotateZ(40deg) The rotateZ() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. scale() Scales the element (i.e. changes its size) in 2D. Syntax: -webkit-transform: scale(scaleX [,

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ScaleY]) Where scaleX represents how much the element should be scaled in the x direction, and scaleY represents the y direction. For example, scale(2,3) The scale() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. scale3d() Scales the element (i.e. changes its size) in 3D. Syntax: -webkit-transform: scale3d(scaleX, scaleY, scaleZ) Where scaleX represents how much the element should be scaled in the x direction, scaleY represents the y direction, and scaleZ represents the z direction. For example, scale3d(2,3,3) The scale3d() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. scaleX() Scales the element (i.e. changes its size) in the x direction. Syntax: -webkit-transform: scaleX(sx) Where sx represents how much the element should be scaled in the x direction. For example, scaleX(2.1) The scaleX() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. scaleY() Scales the element (i.e. changes its size) in the x direction. Syntax: -webkit-transform: scaleY(sy) Where sy represents how much the element should be scaled in the y direction. For example, scaleY(0.6) The scaleY() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. scaleZ() Scales the element (i.e. changes its size) in the x direction. Syntax: -webkit-transform: scaleZ(sz) Where sz represents how much the element should be scaled in the z direction. For example, scaleZ(1.1) The scaleZ() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X version 10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. skew() Skews the element along the x and y axes. Syntax: -webkit-transform: skew(angleX [, angleY]) Where angleX represents how much the element should be skewed in the x direction, and angleY in the y direction. The angle can be represented by deg, rad or grad units. For example, skew(40deg,-5deg) The skew() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. skewX() Skews the element along the x axes. Syntax: -webkit-transform: skewX(angle) Where angle represents how much the element should be

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Skewed in the x direction. The angle can be represented by deg, rad or grad units. For example, skew(40deg) The skewX() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. skewY() Skews the element along the x axes. Syntax: -webkit-transform: skewY(angle) Where angle represents how much the element should be skewed in the y direction. The angle can be represented by deg, rad or grad units. For example, skew(40deg) The skewY() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. translate() Specifies a 2D translation vector. Syntax: -webkit-transform: translate(deltaX [, deltaY]) Where deltaX represents how much the element should be translated in the x direction, and deltaY is the number of units to translate in the y direction. The angle can be represented by a percentage or length. The translate() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. translate3d() Specifies a 3D translation vector. Syntax: -webkit-transform: translate3d(deltaX, deltaY, deltaZ) Where deltaX represents how much the element should be translated in the x direction, deltaY is the number of units to translate in the y direction, and deltaZ is the number of units to translate in the z direction. The angle can be represented by a percentage or length. The translate3d() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X v10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. translateX() Specifies a translation in the x direction. Syntax: -webkit-transform: translateX(deltaX) Where deltaX represents how much the element should be translated along the x axis. The angle can be represented by a percentage or length. The translateX() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. translateY() Specifies a translation in the y direction. Syntax: -webkit-transform: translateY(deltaY) Where deltaY represents how much the element should be translated along the y axis. The angle can be represented by a percentage or length. The translateY() transform function is available on the following: Safari 3.1 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 1.0 and later. translateZ() Specifies a translation in the z direction. Syntax: -webkit-transform: translateZ(deltaZ) Where deltaZ represents how much the element should be translated along the z. @-webkit-keyframes slideInViewport { from{ -webkit-transform: scale(1); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } to{ -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: Take this example: @-webkit-keyframes slideInViewport { from{ -webkit-transform: scale(1); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); } to{ -webkit-transform: sca

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Axis. The angle can be represented by a percentage or length. The translateZ() transform function is available on the following: Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X v10.6 and later. iOS 2.0 and later. Google Chrome 12.0 and later. Default ValueThe default value for the -webkit-transform property is none (which means that no transforms are applied).AvailabilityThe -webkit-transform property is available in:For 2D transforms:Safari 3.1 and lateriOS 2.0 and laterGoogle Chrome 1.0 and laterFor 3D transforms:Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X v10.6 and later.iOS 2.0 and laterGoogle Chrome 12.0 and laterCSS3 EquivalentThe CSS3 equivalent to the -webkit-transform property is the transform property. It's always good practice to use the CSS3 equivalent in your code.Browser CompatabilityThis property is a proprietary extension that is only supported in Chrome and Safari browsers. For maximum browser compatibility, you should add the W3C CSS3 equivalent to your code. This is typically done by removing the -webkit- prefix, however, you should always check the correct syntax before implementing your code (at the time of writing, CSS3 was still a work in progress). Also consider adding other proprietary extensions such as -ms- for Internet Explorer, -moz- for Firefox, -o- for Opera etc. However, you should check that a corresponding extension exists before doing this, as not all browsers have corresponding extensions, and those that do may not necessarily accept the same parameters.