Clear local storage

Use the removeItem method:localStorage.removeItem('username');🧹 All Data in Local StorageYou can clear all the data stored in Local Storage for your domain by using the clear method:⚠️ Limitations of Local StorageSize Limit: The amount of data you can store is limited (typically around 5MB per domain).Synchronous API: All Local Storage operations are blocking, which may impact performance if used improperly.Security Risks: Data stored in Local Storage is not encrypted, so sensitive information should not be stored.Same-Origin Policy: Local Storage data is accessible only within the same domain and protocol.📝 ExampleHere’s a complete example demonstrating how to store, retrieve, and delete data using Local Storage: Local Storage Example HTML Local Storage Example Save to Local Storage Retrieve from Local Storage Remove from Local Storage Clear All Local Storage document.getElementById('save').addEventListener('click', function() { localStorage.setItem('greeting', 'Hello, World!'); document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'Data saved!'; }); document.getElementById('retrieve').addEventListener('click', function() { const greeting = localStorage.getItem('greeting'); document.getElementById('output').textContent = greeting ? greeting : 'No data found'; }); document.getElementById('remove').addEventListener('click', function() { localStorage.removeItem('greeting'); document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'Data removed!'; }); document.getElementById('clear').addEventListener('click', function() { localStorage.clear(); document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'All data cleared!'; }); 🎉 ConclusionHTML Local Storage is an easy-to-use and efficient way to store data on the client side. It is perfect for saving small amounts of persistent data without relying on external databases or cookies.However, it’s important to be mindful of its limitations, especially when dealing with sensitive information and large datasets.👨‍💻 Join our Community:Author 👋 Hey, I'm Mari SelvanFor over eight years, I worked as a full-stack web developer. Now, I have chosen my profession as a full-time blogger at codetofun.com.Buy me a coffee to make codetofun.com free for everyone.Buy me a CoffeeShare Your Findings to AllShareShareShareShareShareShareShare

In Local Storage. When working with such data, it's important to properly serialize and deserialize JSON:import jsondef get_json_from_local_storage(driver, key): json_string = driver.execute_script(f"return window.localStorage.getItem('{key}');") return json.loads(json_string) if json_string else Nonedef set_json_in_local_storage(driver, key, data): json_string = json.dumps(data) driver.execute_script(f"window.localStorage.setItem('{key}', '{json_string}');")# Usageuser_prefs = get_json_from_local_storage(driver, 'user_preferences')if user_prefs: user_prefs['theme'] = 'light' set_json_in_local_storage(driver, 'user_preferences', user_prefs)Waiting for Local Storage Updates​When interacting with web applications, Local Storage updates might not be instantaneous. It's important to implement proper waiting mechanisms to ensure that Local Storage operations have completed before proceeding with subsequent actions:from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECdef wait_for_local_storage_item(driver, key, expected_value, timeout=10): def check_local_storage(driver): actual_value = driver.execute_script(f"return window.localStorage.getItem('{key}');") return actual_value == expected_value wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout) return wait.until(check_local_storage)# Usagetry: wait_for_local_storage_item(driver, 'cart_items', '["item1", "item2"]', timeout=5) print("Local Storage updated successfully")except TimeoutException: print("Local Storage update timed out")This function waits for a specific key in Local Storage to have an expected value, with a configurable timeout. It's particularly useful when testing asynchronous operations that update Local Storage.Best Practices for Local Storage Testing with Selenium​Clean state: Always clear Local Storage at the beginning of each test to ensure a consistent starting point.Error handling: Implement proper error handling when interacting with Local Storage, as JavaScript execution can sometimes fail.Cross-browser compatibility: Be aware that Local Storage behavior might vary slightly across different browsers. Test your scripts on all target browsers.Security considerations: Remember that Local Storage is not secure for storing sensitive information. Avoid storing or accessing confidential data in your tests.Performance impact: Excessive Local Storage operations can impact test performance. Use them judiciously and consider mocking Local Storage for tests that don't explicitly need to verify its functionality.By following these guidelines and utilizing the provided code examples, you can effectively work with Local Storage in your Selenium Python tests, enhancing your ability to automate and validate web applications that rely on client-side storage.Best Practices and Advanced Techniques for Local Storage Interaction​Efficient Clearing of Local Storage​When working with Selenium in Python, efficiently clearing local storage is crucial for maintaining a clean testing environment. One advanced technique involves using the WebStorage interface, if supported by the WebDriver:def clear_storage(driver): if isinstance(driver, WebStorage): driver.local_storage.clear() driver.session_storage.clear() else: raise IllegalArgumentException("Driver does not support WebStorage")This method checks if the driver implements WebStorage and clears both local and session storage. For broader compatibility, especially with drivers that don't support WebStorage, using JavaScript execution is a more universal approach:driver.execute_script("window.localStorage.clear();")This technique ensures compatibility across different browsers and Selenium versions.Handling Dynamic Content in Local Storage​Modern web applications often use local storage to cache dynamic content. When interacting with such applications using Selenium, it's important to synchronize your automation scripts with the dynamic nature of local storage. One advanced technique is to use explicit waits combined with JavaScript execution:from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECdef wait_for_local_storage_item(driver, key, timeout=10): def check_local_storage(driver): return driver.execute_script(f"return localStorage.getItem('{key}') !== null") WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(check_local_storage)This function waits for a specific item to appear in local storage before proceeding, which is particularly useful when dealing with asynchronously loaded data.Secure Handling of Sensitive Data​When working with local storage in Selenium, it's crucial to handle

Offers an .estimate() method to calculate the quota (space available to the domain) and usage (space already used). For example:(async () => { if (!navigator.storage) return; const storage = await navigator.storage.estimate(); console.log(`bytes allocated : ${ storage.quota }`); console.log(`bytes in use : ${ storage.usage }`); const pcUsed = Math.round((storage.usage / storage.quota) * 100); console.log(`storage used : ${ pcUsed }%`); const mbRemain = Math.floor((storage.quota - storage.usage) / 1024 / 1024); console.log(`storage remaining: ${ mbRemain } MB`);})();Two further asynchronous methods are available:.persist(): returns true if the site has permission to store persistent data, and.persisted(): returns true if the site has already stored persistent dataThe Application panel in browser developer tools (named Storage in Firefox) allows you to view, modify, and clear localStorage, sessionStorage, IndexedDB, WebSQL, cookies, and cache storage.You can also examine cookie data sent in the HTTP request and response headers by clicking any item in the developer tools’ Network panel.Storage SmorgasbordNone of these storage solutions is perfect, and you’ll need to adopt several in a complex web application. That means learning more APIs. But having a choice in each situation is a good thing — assuming you can choose the appropriate option, of course!FAQs About Local Storage AlternativesWhat can I use instead of local storage? When looking for alternatives to local storage in web development, consider options such as session storage, cookies, and IndexedDB. Session storage provides temporary storage for the duration of a page session, while cookies are small pieces of data sent with each HTTP request and can be used for session management and storing limited data. IndexedDB offers a more robust solution for storing structured data on the client-side, making it suitable for applications requiring asynchronous data retrieval.For more extensive data storage or when security and persistence are essential, server-side storage solutions like MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, or cloud-based databases such as Firebase, AWS DynamoDB, or Google Cloud Firestore may be preferable. Additionally, some client-side frameworks provide their own state management solutions, while service workers can cache data and assets for offline functionality, making them suitable for progressive web apps (PWAs). When shouldn’t you use local storage? Local storage is a versatile client-side storage solution, but there are scenarios where it may not be the most appropriate choice. Firstly, local storage is not suitable for storing sensitive or confidential information since it lacks encryption or security measures, making it vulnerable to unauthorized access. Critical data like passwords or personal identification should be stored securely on the server-side with robust security protocols.Secondly, local storage has limited capacity, typically around 5-10 MB per domain. It’s ill-suited for applications that need to handle substantial volumes of data. In such cases, server-side databases or more powerful client-side options like IndexedDB should be considered to accommodate larger datasets.Lastly, local storage can pose performance issues, especially when dealing with significant data sets, as it operates synchronously and can block the main thread. For performance-critical applications, using asynchronous storage solutions like IndexedDB or implementing in-memory caching may be necessary to maintain a smooth user experience.In summary,

Spotify Cache on Mac or PCOpen Spotify and click on your profile picture in the top right corner.Go to Settings and scroll down to the Storage section.Click on Clear Cache to remove the cached files directly from the app. How To Manually Delete Spotify CacheAlternatively, you can manually clear the cache by navigating to the cache folder:Mac:Ensure the Spotify app is not running.Open Finder (Mac) or File Explorer (PC).Select Computer and then Macintosh HD. (Mac)Navigate to Users > [Your Username] > Library > Caches > com.spotify.client > Storage.Delete the contents of the Storage folder to clear the cache completelyWindows:Close Spotify if it is currently running.Press Windows + R to open the Run dialog.Type %appdata% and hit Enter. This will take you to the AppData folder.Navigate to Local > Spotify > Storage.Delete the contents of the Storage folder to clear the cache.By following these steps, you will clear Spotify’s cached files from your Mac or PC, freeing up space and potentially resolving any app performance issues.Always ensure that Spotify is fully closed before you delete cache files to prevent any issues.Benefits of Clearing Spotify CacheWhat are the main benefits of clearing your Spotify Cache? Let's explore.Free Up SpaceOver time, Spotify can store a lot of temporary files on your device. These files, known as cache, can take up a significant amount of storage space.By clearing the cache, you can free up space on your phone or computer, making it run faster and more efficiently.Improved PerformanceA large cache can slow down the performance of the Spotify app.When you clear the cache, you remove these unnecessary files, leading to smoother app performance. This can make your experience more enjoyable, especially if you use Spotify frequently.Better Experience with Offline MusicIf you download music for offline listening, the cache can include outdated or unnecessary files.Clearing

To local storage. Say if the user has opened up multiple tabs of the application. He performs an action on one of the tabs that resulted in another item being added to local storage. In such cases, pages opened in other tabs can be informed — probably they would want to change the user interface suitably. A handler can be registered for the storage event. Note that the event will not be fired for the tab causing the change. Handlers in other tabs will be fired though.window.addEventListener('storage', function(e) { // key that was changed // will be null if clear() was called console.log(e.key); // new value of key // will be null if key was deleted or clear() was called console.log(e.newValue); // old value of key // will be null if key was newly added console.log(e.oldValue);} Storing Data for Current Page SessionThe sessionStorage global object is the interface used to store data for the current page session. Once the user closes the page, saved data will be lost. Data is saved only for the current page session. This means that if the user opens the same page in a different tab, a new page session will be started and will have its own session storage. Data will however be saved if the page is reloaded. Data is saved as key-value pairs. Only strings can be saved as values (not as objects). Data is stored for each given origin (per domain and protocol). Data is not transferred to the server. Each browser has its own limit for maximum storage space. However ~ 5MB can be assumed as a safe limit. Exact storage space can be found with the StorageManager API.The sessionStorage object exposes methods through which data can be saved, retrieved or removed. Saving an item To save an item for the current session or to update it, the setItem() method is called. This method accepts the name of the key and associated value as its parameters.// save item with key "preferences"sessionStorage.setItem('preferences', '{language:"en", font:"large"}'); Getting an item To get the value a saved item, getItem() method is called. This value of

Size of the caption for the photo. The default font size is 14px.FiltersBy default, the image is not filtered. All the filters are set to its default value. You can apply the following filters to the image:Grayscale: Convert the image to grayscale. Grayscale is a range of shades of gray without any color.Sepia: Convert the image to sepia tone. Sepia is a reddish-brown color that gives the photo an antique look.Brigthness: Increase or decrease the brightness of the image. The default brightness is 100%. Brightness is the amount of light in the image.Contrast: Increase or decrease the contrast of the image. The default contrast is 100%. Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object distinguish from another.Saturation: Increase or decrease the saturation of the image. The default saturation is 100%. Saturation is the intensity of the color in the image.Invert: Invert the colors of the image. Inverting the colors of an image will give you a negative effect.Hue Rotate: Rotate the hue of the image. The default hue rotation is 0 degrees. This filter changes the colors of the image. Hue rotate specifies as a matrix operation between the RGB color.Download Polaroid PhotoOnce you are satisfied with the polaroid photo, you can download the photo by clicking the download button. The photo will be downloaded in PNG format.Reset AllYou can reset all the settings to the default by clicking the reset button. It will also clear the local storage data for the tool.FAQsIs this tool free to use? Do I need to create an account to use this tool?Yes, this tool is completely free to use. You don't need to create an account or sign in to use this tool. Just visit the tool page and start using it.Does this tool store my images on the server?No, this tool does not store your images on the server. All the image processing is done in the browser and the images are not uploaded to the server. Yes, this tool stores the settings and images in the local storage of the browser. If you clear the local storage or click the reset button, all the data will be deleted.