Bolt down load

Author: a | 2025-04-25

Specialized Bolt Load Calculations. Bolt and Nut Load Calculation: Ensures compatibility and load handling between the bolt and nut. Bolt Calculator Wind Load: Designs bolts to handle dynamic loads in structures subject to wind forces. Bolt Circle Load Calculator: Ensures even load distribution across bolt circles, such as flanges

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Examples (2017). The traditional calculations are performed following the provisions for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) in the AISC Specification (2016). The limit states evaluated are shear rupture of the bolt, bearing, tearout, and slip. Fig. 1 Schematic of a bolted bracket plate connection Fig. 2 IDEA StatiCa model of bolted bracket plate connection3. Bolt Shear RuptureThe first investigation explores how the bolt utilization percentage varies with applied load. For one value of eccentricity, e = 16 in., the applied load was varied from 0 to 200 kips and the bolt utilization percentage as reported by IDEA StatiCa was recorded. The results are presented in Fig. 3. The relationship between applied load and bolt utilization percentage is essentially linear until an applied load of roughly 135 kips at which point the bolt utilization percentage plateaus at near 100% until an applied load of roughly 185 kips at which point the bolt utilization percentage again increases linearly. The load at which failure of the bolts indicated by IDEA StatiCa (i.e., with a red “x”) occurs later in the plateau, at an applied load of 174.7 kips. The strength of this connection per the traditional calculations is 172.6 kips.These strength results for the same connection and a range of values of eccentricity are presented in Fig. 4. As expected, the maximum permitted applied load decreases with increasing eccentricity. The results from IDEA StatiCa are in close agreement with the traditional calculations. Fig. 3.a Bolt utilization percentage as a function of applied load Fig. 3.b Bolt utilization percentage as a function of applied load (detail view) Fig. 4 Maximum factored applied load vs. eccentricity 4. Additional Bolt GroupsAdditional bolt groups are investigated in this section. The connections investigated are like those investigated in the previous section but the first has a larger gage (g = 8 in.) and the second has only two bolts in each vertical row (g = 5.5 in., s = 6 in.). A larger column size (W14×132) was used with the connection with the larger gage to ensure minimum edge distance requirements were satisfied. The results for the larger gage are presented in Fig. 5 and the results for the connection with two bolts in each vertical row are presented in Fig. 6. As before, the IDEA StatiCa results are in close agreement with the traditional calculations. Fig. 5 Maximum factored applied load vs. eccentricity for bolted bracket plate connections with two different values of bolt gage Fig. 6 Maximum factored applied load vs. eccentricity for bolted bracket plate connection with two bolts in each vertical row 5 TearoutA disadvantage of the instantaneous center of rotation method is that the tabulated solutions assume that the bolts all have

Visualize the Bolt Load - Altair

An elastic bolted joint is a mechanical connection between two or more structural components using bolts, providing clamping force to hold the parts together. The mechanics of an elastic bolted joint involve the balance between the applied external load and the clamping force generated by the bolts. Here's a summary of the mechanics of an elastic bolted joint and how to prevent slip:Clamping Force: When a bolt is tightened, it stretches and generates a clamping force between the connected components. This force is also known as preload or the initial bolt tension. The clamping force is a result of the bolt's elasticity, and it is essential for maintaining the integrity of the joint.Applied Load: When an external load is applied to the joint, it generates forces and moments that act on the connected components. These forces can be axial, shear, or a combination of both, depending on the specific application.Load Distribution: The applied load is distributed between the clamping force and the friction between the joint interfaces. In an elastic bolted joint, the clamping force should be high enough to prevent the applied load from overcoming the friction force and causing slip.Friction Force: The friction force between the connected components is a function of the clamping force and the friction coefficient. It acts as a resistance against the applied load and prevents the joint from slipping.To prevent slip in an elastic bolted joint, consider the following factors:Bolt Preload: Ensure that the preload generated by tightening the bolts is high enough to maintain the clamping force required to resist the applied loads. This can be achieved by selecting the appropriate bolt size, material, and tightening torque.Friction Coefficient: Choose materials with suitable friction coefficients for the joint interfaces. Rougher surfaces or materials with higher friction coefficients can provide better slip resistance. Additionally, consider using friction-enhancing coatings or treatments, such as zinc phosphate or manganese phosphate.Joint Design: Optimize the joint design to distribute the applied load evenly across all bolts. This can include selecting the appropriate bolt pattern, spacing, and edge distances.Bolt Quantity: Use an adequate number of bolts to distribute the applied load and maintain the required clamping force. More bolts can help reduce the individual bolt load and increase the overall slip resistance of the joint.Tightening Technique: Employ a proper bolt tightening technique, such as torque control, angle control, or bolt elongation measurement, to ensure consistent and accurate preload across all bolts.Maintenance and Inspection: Regularly inspect and maintain the bolted joint to ensure its continued performance. This may involve checking for loose bolts, corrosion, or other signs of wear and damage.In summary, the mechanics of an elastic bolted joint involve the balance between the clamping force generated by the bolts and

Bolt and Nut Tightening Loads - Altair

The same strength. The bolts in an eccentrically loaded bolt group may not all have the same strength if the edge distances are small and tearout controls over bearing or bolt shear rupture. This is additionally challenging for the traditional calculations since, when using the tabulated solutions, the direction of force for each bolt is not known and thus the clear distance, a key factor in tearout strength, cannot be accurately determined. When evaluating eccentrically loaded bolt groups with small edge distances, engineers often employ the “poison bolt method” whereby the strength of all the bolts is set equal to the lowest possible strength (i.e., that computed from the lowest possible clear distance). In IDEA StatiCa, tearout strength is computed individually for each bolt based on the computed direction of force.A comparison between IDEA StatiCa results and results from traditional calculations using the poison bolt method are shown in Fig. 7. The connection for this comparison is like that described in Section 2 but with a bracket plate thickness of 3/8 in. and varying horizontal edge distance, leh. The edge distance varies between 1.125 in., the minimum edge distance per Table J3.4 of the AISC Specification (2016), and 2.25 in., a value at which bolt shear rupture will control over tearout. The results show close agreement, indicating that IDEA StatiCa is appropriately considering the effects of tearout in eccentrically loaded bolt groups. Fig. 7 Maximum factored applied load vs. horizontal edge distance 6 Slip CriticalThe instantaneous center of rotation method is also applicable to slip critical connections even though the mechanics of force transfer are different than those assumed in the method. The results of a comparison using the same connection parameters as for the connection explored in Section 3 but for a slip critical connection are presented in Fig. 8. The average difference between the IDEA StatiCa results and traditional US methods is about 1.5%. Fig. 8 Maximum factored applied load vs. eccentricity for slip-critical bolted bracket plate connection 7 Welded Bracket Plate ConnectionsA schematic of the welded bracket plate connection investigated is presented in Fig. 9 and an image of the IDEA StatiCa model is presented in Fig. 10. The parameters of the connections investigated are as follows: plate thickness of 9/16 in., ASTM A572 conforming steel for the plates (Fy = 50 ksi and Fu = 65 ksi), 3/8 in. fillet welds with E70XX weld metal, weld length, l = 10 in., and an aspect ratio of either k = 0.5 or k = 0.3. The column is a W8×40 conforming to ASTM A992 steel (Fy = 50 ksi and Fu = 65 ksi). The properties of the weld group match those of Example II.A-26 of the. Specialized Bolt Load Calculations. Bolt and Nut Load Calculation: Ensures compatibility and load handling between the bolt and nut. Bolt Calculator Wind Load: Designs bolts to handle dynamic loads in structures subject to wind forces. Bolt Circle Load Calculator: Ensures even load distribution across bolt circles, such as flanges Bolt Pre-Load 12 Bolt Diagram 13 Computational Model: Bolt Load Bolt Torque 16 Hydraulic Operating Load / Gasket Seating Load 16 Minimum Required Tightness (MRT) 16 bolt-load

Visualize the Bolt Load - 2025.help.altair.com

The applied external load. To prevent slip, it is essential to ensure adequate bolt preload, select appropriate materials and friction coefficients, optimize joint design, use an adequate number of bolts, employ proper tightening techniques, and perform regular maintenance and inspectionPurpose of calculation: Determine force distribution in a bolted joint.Calculation ReferenceMachine Design JuvinallScahum's Machine Design 'Torque Pretension' worksheet also consult with the following references Validation Material and basic geometry geometryYoung's modulus of boltPoisson ratio of boltYoung's modulus of clamped platePoisson ratio of clamped plateupper clamped plate thicknesslower clamped plate thicknesstotal clamped plate thickness2) Bolting detailsbolt diameterbolt thread root diameterbolt clearance holebolt head diameter(note: could be increased using a flanged headed bolt or a washer)thickness of bolt headnut thickness(note: enter 0 if threaded into flange)bolt length assumed equal total clamped plate thickness + hnut3) Torque Tightening and Bolt PreLoad CalculationMethod of torque tightening determines accuracy of bolt preload obtained.It is not unusual to increase bolt size because the torque tightening method cannot guarentee a minimum preload.The effects of the torque tightening method are shown on the joint diagram below.Variation in preload (+ and -)Tightening Torque (to yield bolt see Eqn. 37)Bolt head dimension across flatsThread pitchouter thread radiusinner thread radiusmean thread radiusEffective radius of rubbing surface against which head/nut bearsCoefficient of friction between screw and nut threadCoefficient of friction at head/nut bearing collarThread Lead (equals thread pitch for single thread screws)Angle of thread at mean radiusThread angle at bearing surfaceAngle between tangent to tooth profile (on the loaded side) and a radial lineThread ConstantBolt preload (load parallel to screw axis)Efficiency of the screw mechanism (ratio of useful work out to work in)Torque to stretch BoltThread Torque (torsional load in the bolt to stretch the bolt and overcome thread friction)Torque to overcome thread frictionTorque to overcome collar frictionJoint pretension constants to compare with other threadsTypical K factors for comparison purposesSteel Thread Condition0.30 as received, stainless on mild or alloy 0.20 as received, mild or alloy on same0.16 cadmium plated0.14 molybdenum-disulphide grease0.12 PTFE lubricationOff Torque - torque required to loosen the nut (if negative then torque needs to be applied to hold nut still)Bolt Pretension and material propertiesBolt ultimate tensile strengthBolt yield stressForce on joint at which bolt yields (ignoring torsional effects)% of bolt yield stress used by bolt preload4) Stiffness of tensile loadpathTensile stiffness of a bolt shaftShear stiffness of a bolt headShear stiffness of a nutTotal stiffness of bolt5) Stiffness of compressive loadpathcone angle (normally 45° dispersion from bolt head/nut)Compressive stiffness of clamped plates (in series)Shear stiffness of clamped platesTotal stiffness of all compressive loadpath elements under bolt6) Calculate Basic Joint ForcesForce in bolt when preload is lost (joint separates and contact force between clamped plates = 0)Fbreak/Fleak: resulting safety factor7) Calculate

Free Bolt Load Calculator - WrenchFusion

The bird with a captive-bolt device. With your chicken’s head sticking out from the bottom of the cone, grab your captive-bolt device—a device that fires a pin to stun livestock for slaughter. Load the bolt and hold it up to the side of the chicken’s head, right above their eye (below the eye since they’re upside down). Pull the trigger to knock the chicken unconscious.[15]If the chicken’s head won’t stay still and you can’t get a good shot off, grip the chicken’s beak to hold them still. Just make sure you don’t accidentally shoot your hand with the bolt. A carotid artery runs along each side of the chicken’s neck. Carefully drag your finger along the sides of the chicken’s neck until you feel a round artery. Once you’ve located it, peel the feathers back to expose the side of the bird’s neck and grab a sharp, thin knife.[16]A boning knife is perfect for this, although you can purchase a special poultry sticker if you want a tool designed for this.Humans actually have the same carotid arteries. If you want to envision where the veins are, drag your fingers along the sides of your neck to find them. Keep the feather spread open as you hold the head still with your nondominant hand. Drag the edge of the blade along the artery at a 45-degree angle to open the artery and begin bleeding your bird.[17]There are two arteries, but you only need to cut one to kill the bird.If there’s

Calculation of Bolt Load Capacity and Eccentricities

The flange. Knowing the O.D. helps determine whether the flange is compatible with the pipe or equipment it’s meant to connect.Q.2 What are the key dimensions to consider when working with ANSI flanges?The critical dimensions for ANSI flanges include Nominal Pipe Size (NPS), Outside Diameter (O.D.), Inside Diameter (I.D.), flange face type (raised face or flat face), bolt hole diameter and bolt circle, flange thickness, and the number of bolt holes.Q.3 What role does the number of bolt holes play in ANSI flanges?The number of bolt holes evenly distributes the load across the flange, ensuring a secure and stable connection between the flange and the adjoining equipment or pipe.Q.4 Do ANSI flanges come in different pressure ratings, and how do I choose the right one?Yes, ANSI flanges come in different pressure ratings, ranging from 75 to 2500 PSI. Choosing the right pressure rating depends on the specific requirements of your piping system and the pressure it needs to handle.

Bolts loaded in shear - IDEA StatiCa

Bolt loads for a particular external load applied to the jointExternal load applied to the bolted jointLoad in the boltExternal shear load applied to the bolted jointContact force between clamped platesCoefficient of friction between clamped platesShear capacity of joint8) Graphical Representation of Results9) Bolt Stress AnalysisDirect stress in the boltShear stress in bolt (using torsion in circular shaft formula)maximum principle stressminimum principle stressVon Mises Stress (note s3=0 for biaxial stress system)Possible increase in preload10) Bearing stress under head of boltNote excessive bearing stresses lead to creep effects which will result in a loss of preload over time.This relaxation is a function of:Typically the bearing stress should not exceed the clamped plate yield stress.Maximum bearing Stress11) Joint deflections and nut rotation.Bolt extensionFlange compressionAngle turned to extend the bolt12) Losses at Clamped SurfacesPaint compression factorMaximum paint thickness (specification)Number of painted surfacesPreload after paint compressionMaximum paint thickness (specification)Preload after paint compressionA simpler version of this calculation is available here. Calculation ReferenceHandbook of bolts and bolted joints American Machinists' Handbook and Dictionary of Shop Terms Basic Principles for Construction, Cengage Learning Machinery's Handbook. Specialized Bolt Load Calculations. Bolt and Nut Load Calculation: Ensures compatibility and load handling between the bolt and nut. Bolt Calculator Wind Load: Designs bolts to handle dynamic loads in structures subject to wind forces. Bolt Circle Load Calculator: Ensures even load distribution across bolt circles, such as flanges

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Insert. If the user wants to copy a rule from the list, highlight it and click Copy. The rule is displayed in the Data Input pane, allowing the user to change the name and insert it back into the rules list. To retain the changes and close the window, click OK or click Cancel to close the window without retaining any changes. Click Include or Replace (an existing rule), if the user wants to save the changes it has made and then click OK to close the window. Once the user has completed configuring the Colour settings, click Apply to apply the settings. Click Dismiss to discard any changes made. Click Load or Save, to load from and save to the options files stored at %AVEVA_DESIGN_USER%. The Representation tab of the Graphics Settings window allows the user to set some of the general and piping representation parameters and presents control options allowing the user to display further windows for specifying the representations of more specific parameters. Select Tube check box to display double line representation of piping components. Select Centreline check box to display single line representation of piping components. Select Holes Drawn check box to display holes (negative primitives) as true holes, rather than as black lines in a shaded view. Select Flange Bolt Holes Drawn check box to display bolt holes drawn on flanges. Select Tracing check box to display tracing. Select Anti-Alias check box to display anti-alias lines. The Anti-Alias level determines how fine a diagonal line is drawn; the higher the number the finer the line. However, the higher the level the more computer workstation CPU is required. If selected, Insulation Visibility/Translucency is displayed on the piping components and tubing, as defined in the catalogue. Click on the drop-down menu to specify a level of translucency between 0% (Off) and 100% (Solid). If selected, Obstruction Visibility/Translucency volumes are displayed, as defined in the catalogue (but only if the drawing level is set appropriately). Click on the drop-down menu to specify a level of translucency between 0% (Off) and 100% (Solid). • Pipe sets the drawing level

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This example is part of a series that compares IDEA StatiCa to traditional calculations for US practice. Eccentrically loaded bolt and weld groups that connect the bracket plates to the column flanges are designed using instantaneous center of rotation method and poison bolt method. This verification example was prepared by Mark D. Denavit and Kayla Truman-Jarrell in a joint project of The University of Tennessee and IDEA StatiCa.1. DescriptionA comparison between results from the component-based finite element method (CBFEM) and traditional calculation methods used in US practice for bracket plate connections are presented in this section. Both bolted and welded bracket plates are considered. The focus of this investigation is the strength of the eccentrically loaded bolt and weld groups that connect the bracket plates to the column flanges.The instantaneous center of rotation method is the primary method described in the AISC Manual (2017) for computing the strength of eccentrically loaded bolt and weld groups. Details of the method differ between bolt and weld groups; however, the general approach is the same. The force in each individual bolt or segment of weld is assumed to act perpendicular to a line that passes through the individual component and the common center of rotation. The magnitude of the force in each component is based on equations representing the load deformation relationship. For welds, the load deformation relationship considers the direction of force with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weld. The center of rotation is typically found using an iterative process and is known to be valid when static equilibrium is achieved (i.e., the sum of the forces and moments equals zero). In practice, calculations using the instantaneous center of rotation method are completed using tabulated solutions for common bolt and weld groups provided in Parts 7 and 8 of the AISC Manual.2. Bolted Bracket Plate ConnectionsA schematic of the bolted bracket plate connection investigated is presented in Fig. 1. The parameters change depending on the limit state being investigated. However, the typical connection has the following characteristics unless noted otherwise: bracket plate thickness of 5/8 in., ASTM A572 Grade 50 conforming steel for the plates (Fy = 50 ksi and Fu = 65 ksi), horizontal and vertical edge distances of leh = lev = 2.25 in., gage of g = 5.5 in., and 6 bolts in each vertical row with a spacing of s = 3 in. The bolts are 7/8 in. diameter A325 with threads not excluded from the shear plane and in standard holes. The column is a W12×106 conforming to ASTM A992 steel (Fy = 50 ksi and Fu = 65 ksi). The properties of the bolt group match those of Example II.A-24 of the AISC Design. Specialized Bolt Load Calculations. Bolt and Nut Load Calculation: Ensures compatibility and load handling between the bolt and nut. Bolt Calculator Wind Load: Designs bolts to handle dynamic loads in structures subject to wind forces. Bolt Circle Load Calculator: Ensures even load distribution across bolt circles, such as flanges Bolt Pre-Load 12 Bolt Diagram 13 Computational Model: Bolt Load Bolt Torque 16 Hydraulic Operating Load / Gasket Seating Load 16 Minimum Required Tightness (MRT) 16 bolt-load

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AISC Design Examples (2017). The traditional calculations are performed following the provisions for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) in the AISC Specification (2016). Only the limit state of weld rupture is evaluated. Fig. 9 Schematic of a welded bracket plate connection Fig. 10 IDEA StatiCa model of welded bracket plate connectionThe strength of the connections per IDEA StatiCa and the traditional calculations for a range of eccentricities are presented in Fig. 11. As expected, and like the bolted connections, the maximum permitted applied load decreases with increasing eccentricity. The results show a relatively uniform level of conservatism for IDEA StatiCa as compared to traditional US practice. The case with k = 0.5 exhibits an average difference of approximately 17%, whereas the case with k = 0.3 exhibits an average difference of approximately 12%. Fig. 11 Weld Rupture resistance with varying eccentricities for =0.3 and =0.5 6 SummaryThis study compared the design of bracket plate connections by traditional calculation methods used in US practice and IDEA StatiCa. Key observations from the study include: The available strength of bolted bracket connections per IDEA StatiCa agrees very well with traditional calculations per the instantaneous center of rotation method. Eccentrically loaded bolt groups may exhibit a plateau during which IDEA StatiCa shows a bolt utilization of near 100% for a range of applied loads. The applied load at which IDEA StatiCa indicates failure (i.e., with a red “x”) was taken as the limit in this study and compares well to the traditional calculations. IDEA StatiCa detects the clear distance for each bolt individually for consideration of tearout, resulting in appropriate reductions in strength when edge distances are small. The available strength of welded bracket connections per IDEA StatiCa was found to be conservative in comparison to the traditional calculations using the instantaneous center of rotation method for the cases examined.